基于小波的地闪首次回击辐射场的多重分形分析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

苟学强  张义军  董万胜  郄秀书 《地球物理学报》2007,50(1):101-105

利用2002年夏季青海野外观测慢天线电场变化仪资料，应用小波变换模极大方法对地闪首次回击辐射场的检测及多重分形谱特征进行了分析.发现小波分解在小尺度上的时间变异系数在回击主脉冲峰处（回击点）呈现明显的尖峰，据此可对回击点进行快速可靠的检测；地闪回击辐射场多重分形谱可用推广的多重分形二项倍增串级公式比较精确地拟合，最小标度指数及谱宽度平均分别为-011和15，是重要的回击特征参数，而小波及多重分形应是闪电信号处理的重要工具.  相似文献   

Road network selection for medium scales using an extended stroke-mesh combination algorithm     

Stefan A. Benz  Robert Weibel 《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(4):323-339

The road network is an essential feature class in topographic maps and databases. Road network selection for smaller scales forms a prerequisite for all other generalization operators and is thus a fundamental operation in the overall process of topographic map and database production. The objective of this paper was to develop an algorithm for automated road network selection from a large-scale (1:10,000) to a medium-scale database (1:50,000). The project was pursued in collaboration with swisstopo, the national mapping agency of Switzerland. Three algorithms (a stroke-based, a mesh-based, and a combined stroke-mesh algorithm) were implemented from the literature and analyzed using swisstopo’s large-scale TLM3D spatial database, with requirements set forth by expert cartographers. Initial experiments showed that the combination algorithm performed best, yet still it could not meet all requirements. Therefore, extensions to the basic stroke-mesh algorithm were developed, significantly improving the selection result with real-world, large test databases. Three extensions introduce modifications to the stroke-mesh combination algorithm. Furthermore, two extensions include external feature classes, ensuring accessibility of points of interest and appropriate network density representation in settlement areas, respectively. The results were evaluated by expert cartographers, who concluded that the proposed approach is ready to be deployed in production at swisstopo.  相似文献   

A stroke-based method for automated generation of schematic network maps     

Zhilin Li 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(11):1631-1647

This article deals with the graphic simplification of a network by schematization. A new method employing a stroke-based and progressive strategy is proposed to generate schematic network maps. This method treats a stroke (which is a long line with segments concatenated together) as a basic unit for the implementation. The procedure is as follows: (a) strokes are formed from line segments, (b) the strokes are re-orientated along grid lines and/or diagonals, and (c) two endpoints and all intersection points on (sub-)strokes are projected onto re-oriented straight lines, and (d) spatial inconsistency is detected and resolved. A methodology for each of these steps is described. This new method has been tested with a set of real-life road network data and evaluated by fractal analysis and empirical study. Experimental results show that this new method is more effective than segment-based methods and is able to produce graphics with great simplicity and clarity. Based on the results obtained, the stroke-based schematization with four primary directions is recommended.  相似文献   

Characteristics of negative lightning flashes presenting multiple-ground terminations on a millisecond-scale     

X.Z. Kong  X.S. Qie  Y. Zhao  T. Zhang 《Atmospheric Research》2009,91(2-4):381-386

By using a high-speed video camera system (1000 frames s^− 1) in correlation with fast and slow antenna systems, the negative cloud-to-ground (CG) flashes that struck the ground with more than one termination have been analyzed. This kind of stroke, named as multiple-ground terminations stroke (MGTS), was produced by different branches of the same stepped leader during quite a short time. Based on optical images, the 2D progression speed of leader branches was estimated to be in the range (0.9–2.0) × 10⁵ m s^− 1. The distance between adjacent striking points of MGTS was from 0.2 km to 1.9 km. The percentage of flashes with multiple-ground terminations occupied about 15% (9 out of 59) of the total negative CG flashes, with a range of 11%–20% in different areas in China. The time intervals between the two adjacent peaks ranged from 4 μs to 486 μs based on the E-field change caused by the MGTS. The flashes which had multiple striking points on the ground during quite a short time may be a common phenomenon in the lightning discharge process. It might produce more serious damage to facilities on the ground and should not be neglected in the design of lightning protection.  相似文献   

北京地区负地闪回击转移的电荷量   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

武智君  郄秀书  王东方  王宇 《气候与环境研究》2016,21(3):247-257

负地闪是闪电危害的主要来源,其对地转移电荷源特征和电荷量不仅对闪电放电机理的研究有重要意义,而且对雷电防护也具有重要的实际应用价值。为了研究具有典型城市下垫面环境的北京地区的闪电活动特征和放电强度,利用北京地区2011年两次雷暴过程的多站GPS(Global Position System)同步闪电地面电场变化定量观测资料,在考虑消除场地和环境因素对电场变化观测资料影响的基础上,基于蒙特卡洛数据处理方法和非线性最小二乘法拟合反演算法,定量研究了负地闪回击中和的电荷源位置和电荷量,并对回击特征与回击转移电荷源之间的关系进行了讨论,得到如下结果:(1)单次回击中和的电荷量为1.1~27.6 C,平均为8.6±5.2 C,不同序数回击转移电荷量的最小值基本不随回击序数的上升而变化,最大值和均值随回击序数的上升而减小;一次负地闪中和的总电荷量随着回击数的增加而增加。(2)负地闪回击数和回击时间间隔都呈对数正态分布,其中负地闪总数70.4%的多回击负地闪其回击间隔平均为99±95 ms,不同序数回击的时间间隔最小值随回击序数的上升基本不变,时间间隔最大值和均值随回击序数的上升而减小。(3)回击转移电荷量的均值随回击间隔的增加呈波动形式的逐渐上升;相邻回击转移电荷源的空间距离均值随回击间隔的增加而增大。  相似文献   

分形闪电通道模型的建立及其电磁辐射特征   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

张其林  冯建伟  赵中阔  卞建春 《南京气象学院学报》2010,33(6):719-724

基于高速摄像系统获取的自然闪电通道形状,利用分形方法构建了分形闪电通道模型,分析计算了闪电通道的弯曲对地面附近不同方位、不同距离处回击电磁场的影响。结果表明,在100m到10km的近距离范围,不同方位的回击垂直电场峰值之比为0．8～2．3;而当距离增加时,这种差别逐渐消失。但无论距离远近,地面水平磁场随方位角都存在较明显的差异,不同方位的回击磁场峰值差异达到2～4倍。与假定通道笔直的回击模型相比,分形闪电通道模型能很好地再现回击过程电磁辐射的高频分量和次峰等细微现象。  相似文献   

武汉市居民中暑与气象因子的统计特点研究     

何玲玲  陈正洪 《气候与环境研究》2009,14(5):531-536

利用武汉市1994～2006年共13年1464个中暑病例资料和同期逐日气象资料,分别统计逐日中暑人数、日平均中暑人数与气象因子的线性、非线性相关系数,筛选出关键气象因子,建立中暑与多气象因子的非线性模型,制订中暑气象等级标准.结果表明:气温是中暑发生的最关键影响因子,不利气象因子3天或3天以上的累积效应才能导致中暑群发,中暑人数与气象因子呈现非线性关系.建立了日平均中暑人数与前3日平均气温、前3 日平均最小相对湿度的指数模型.将日平均中暑人数划分为5级,并应用该等级标准进行历史样本同代检验和独立样本预报检验,效果较好.  相似文献   

高压线路雷击故障分析     

董金虎 《气象科技》2009,37(1):127-128

2007年6月27日上午10：30左右,沧州市出现强雷雨天气过程。沧州供电公司2条高压线路被雷电击断,造成2人死亡的事故。  相似文献   

一次多回击自然闪电的高速摄像观测   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

李俊  张义军  吕伟涛  董万胜  陈绍东  李斌 《应用气象学报》2008,19(4):401-411

2006年8月1日在广东省从化市利用成像率为5000幅/s的高速摄像系统观测得到了一次包含有13个回击过程的自然负地闪, 其梯级先导的传播速度为106 m/s的量级; 一次企图先导的传播速度随高度的降低而减小; 一次直窜先导的传播速度随高度的降低而增加。有3次继后回击相对积分亮度的峰值大于首次回击相对积分亮度的峰值。研究发现:此次自然闪电的继后回击及紧跟其后的连续电流过程的发光总量与该次继后回击之前闪电通道的截止时间有关, 较大的发光总量对应于较长的截止时间, 较小的发光总量对应于较短的截止时间, 但两者没有固定的比例关系。  相似文献   

2006—2011年广州人工触发闪电   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

张义军  杨少杰  吕伟涛  郑栋  董万胜  李斌  陈绍东  张阳  陈绿文 《应用气象学报》2012,23(5):513-522

2006—2011年夏季在广州野外雷电试验基地开展了广东综合闪电观测试验 (GCOELD)。试验期间,针对人工触发闪电进行了近距离声、光、电、磁特征等综合测量,对自动气象站电源线和信号线上产生的感应电压特征进行了观测和分析,并对广东省地闪定位网的探测效率和定位精度与人工触发闪电进行了比对和校验。试验结果表明:人工触发闪电回击峰值电流范围为-31.93~-6.67 kA,回击电流波形的半峰宽度的范围为6.18~74.19 μs,10%—90%的上升时间范围为0.24~2.25 μs。触发闪电的上行正先导的发展速度在104~105 m/s量级;人工触发闪电的回击过程在架空电源线路 (1200 m长,2 m高) 上产生的感应过电压可达十几千伏;广东电网闪电定位系统对人工触发闪电事件的探测效率为95%,平均定位误差为759 m,闪电定位系统反演得到的电流峰值与实际测量的电流峰值平均相对偏差为16.3%。  相似文献